The research addresses the challenge of disease relapse, a primary cause of treatment failure post-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. By employing next-generation sequencing of cfDNA to monitor donor cell chimerism and minimal residual disease (MRD) early after transplantation, the study identifies patients at increased risk of relapse. This approach allows for potential early intervention with consolidation therapy, aiming to mitigate the risk of treatment failure.